Population & distribution

Great Bustards can be found worldwide, though in some locations, their numbers are scarce. The world Great Bustard population is estimated at 43,500 – 51,200 individual birds. They have undergone a long-term and marked decline, especially since early 19th century that continues virtually across entire range except in Iberia where populations are considered stabilised and west Russia where an increase in population has been reported.

The East Asian population is thought to total 3,500 – 4,700 although some of these belong to the separate sub-species Otis tarda dybowskii. This sub-species was first described in 1874, differing from the nominate Otis tarda tarda by having slightly paler head and neck, broader more well defined black markings on back, greater number of white tail feathers, and the whiskers on adult males connected by short bristle-like feathers on central chin.

Population estimates from:
Palacin & Alonso (2008):
An updated estimate of the world status and population trends of the Great Bustard
Ardeola 55(1) p13-25

Distribution

Great Bustards have a patchy distribution across Eurasia, from Portugal and Spain in the west through Europe and the Russian Federation to Mongolia and China in the east. There are probably small populations in North Africa and the Middle East although their continued existence is uncertain.

mainly resident population mainly summering grounds mainly wintering grounds

Their range undoubtedly expanded, with probable maximum extension in the 18th century, after extensive clearance of forests by man. A subsequent marked and rapid decline in numbers and increasing fragmentation of populations has occurred and continues with conversion of steppe and dry meadows to arable fields, agricultural intensification and persecution.